This oral history interview with Don G. Berry was conducted by Linda S. Dodds at Berry's home on Vashon Island, Washington, on February 11, 1980, as part of the Oregon Historical Society Research Library's oral history program. At the time of the interview, Dodds' name was Linda S. Brody.

In this interview, Berry discusses and plays Zimbabwean music on an mbira, also known as a thumb piano. He speaks about his spirituality and shares thoughts on Eastern philosophies. He also discusses his experiences at Reed College from 1949 to 1951. He speaks about writing historical novels, as well as the reasons why he stopped writing fiction. He discusses writing as an art form, and talks about his other work as an artist, including film and bronze sculpture. He talks about the benefits and drawbacks of life in individualistic and communal societies; shares his thoughts about the future of computers, particularly for use in writing and music; and speaks at length about his feminism and support for the women's movement. He closes the interview by talking about how he developed his interests.

This oral history interview with Oran B. Robertson was conducted by Linda S. Dodds on February 20, 1980, as part of the Oregon Historical Society Research Library's oral history program. At the time of the interview, Dodds' name was Linda S. Brody.

In this interview, Robertson briefly discusses his family background and early life in Salem, Oregon, then talks about working as an engineer for Boeing Aircraft in Seattle, Washington, from 1938 to 1945. He then discusses his career with Fred Meyer Inc. He speaks about Fred G. Meyer, and describes Meyer's personality and his personal and business philosophies. He discusses the operation of the company, the factors that led to the business's success, and the growth of the company since going public. He closes the interview by talking about the future of Fred Meyer, Inc. and reflecting on his career with the company.

This oral history interview with Ruth McBride Powers was conducted by Margot Riordan-Eva in Oregon City, Oregon, on February 25, 1980. At the time of the interview, Riordan-Eva's name was Margot C. Vaughan.

In this interview, Powers discusses her work restoring historic buildings in Oregon, talks about articles she wrote on the subject, and speaks at length about collecting and preserving early Oregonian furniture. She closes the interview by sharing advice for future historic preservationists.

This oral history interview with Agnes Barchus was conducted by Karen A. Reyes at Barchus' home in Portland, Oregon, on March 3, 1980. In this interview, Barchus discusses the art career of her mother, Eliza R. Barchus, including her exhibits at the Portland Hotel and the 1905 Lewis and Clark Exposition in Portland, as well as her innovation of selling prints of her paintings on postcards. Barchus also shares her memories of the 1905 Lewis and Clark Exposition, describing many of the buildings and exhibits in detail. She describes some of the houses that her mother built in Portland, her mother's practice of paying her bills in trade, and her mother's efforts to save several boxwood trees from a construction project. She talks about the renewed interest in her mother's artwork after Eliza Barchus' death in 1959, exhibitions of her mother's work in the 1960s and 1970s, and the passage of a resolution naming Eliza Barchus "The Oregon Artist."

This oral history interview with Alfred Powers was conducted at Powers' home in Portland, Oregon, by Linda S. Dodds from February 22 to March 7, 1980, as part of the Oregon Historical Society Research Library's oral history program. At the time of the interview, Dodds' name was Linda S. Brody. The interview was conducted in three sessions. Molly Powers was also present during the interview.

In the first interview session, conducted on February 22, 1980, Powers discusses his college education at the University of Oklahoma and the University of Oregon, particularly his experiences studying Greek and English. He briefly outlines his career as a high school teacher, and as a University of Oregon professor and dean of the extension division. He speaks about serving as director of the Federal Writers Project in Oregon, and talks about writers he worked with. He discusses his affiliation with the Oregon Historical Society and speaks at length about his work as editor of the Oregon Historical Quarterly.

In the second interview session, conducted on February 28, 1980, Powers speaks further about authors he worked with while director of the Federal Writers Project in Oregon. He speaks about writing the book "History of Oregon Literature," and about working as an editor with the publisher Binford & Mort. He speaks about people he worked with at the University of Oregon, particularly University President Prince Lucien Campbell.

In the third and final interview session, conducted on March 7, 1980, Powers speaks at length about Oregon authors with whom he was acquainted. He also talks about writing a column for the Oregon Journal newspaper. He discusses his interest in book collecting and talks about his personal library. He closes the interview by talking about how the writing style of Oregon authors changed over the 20th century.

This oral history interview with Wilbert R. Todd was conducted by Linda S. Dodds in Portland, Oregon, on March 29, 1980. At the time of the interview, Dodds' name was Linda S. Brody.

In this interview, Todd discusses his college experience studying biochemistry at the University of Wisconsin and how he came to work at the University of Oregon Medical School, now known as Oregon Health & Science University. He talks about the growth of the biochemistry department at OHSU; describes the OHSU campus and how it changed; and discusses his fellow faculty members. He also talks about his involvement with the Association of Official Racing Chemists and with the Oregon Racing Commission. He discusses some of the students he taught, his research projects, and his brief tenure as president of the biochemistry department. He closes the interview by reflecting on his career. This interview contains explicit descriptions of medical experiments conducted on dogs.

This oral history interview with Jean P. Black was conducted by Karen Wingo in Portland, Oregon, on May 7, 1980. In this interview, Black discusses her early life and education, particularly her college experiences at the University of Michigan and the University of Washington, as well as studying abroad in Rome. She then talks about searching for a job as a librarian after graduation. She speaks at length about working as a librarian and teaching classes at Vanport College, including the aftermath of the 1948 flood and the transformation of the college into Portland State University. She talks about the make-up of the student body and faculty, the development of the PSU library collection, and the process of finding land for the PSU campus. She closes the interview by discussing funding for PSU and talking about other colleges in Oregon.

This oral history interview with Nell F. Hoak was conducted by Linda S. Dodds at Hoak's home in Portland, Oregon, on May 7, 1980, as part of the Oregon Historical Society Research Library's oral history program. At the time of the interview, Dodds' name was Linda S. Brody.

In this interview, Hoak discusses her family background and early life in Imperial, Nebraska, including medicine her family used and life on a homestead with a sod house. She describes traveling by covered wagon to Siloam Springs, Arkansas. She shares her reasons for moving to Portland, Oregon, in 1919, and talks about her home and family life.

This oral history interview with Lawrence Leighton Smith was conducted by Linda S. Dodds on May 12, 1980, in Portland, Oregon, as part of the Oregon Historical Society Research Library's oral history program. At the time of the interview, Dodds' name was Linda S. Brody.

In this interview, Smith discusses his family background and early life in Portland, particularly his early musical education. He talks about his experience studying music at Portland State University, with Ariel Rubstein, and at Mannes College of Music. He describes serving as assistant conductor at the Metropolitan Opera from 1964 to 1967. He then speaks at length about his career as conductor and music director for the Oregon Symphony in Portland from 1973 to 1980, including working with musicians, developing programs, and playing to Oregon audiences. He closes the interview by talking about his hopes for his next career as music director for the San Antonio Symphony.

This oral history interview with Ann Mary Bohrer was conducted by Patricia Keith at the Troutdale Airport in Troutdale, Oregon, on May 12, 1980, as part of the Oregon Historical Society Research Library's oral history program.

In this interview, Bohrer discusses her early interest in aviation, and that of her brother, Walt Bohrer, including hanging out at the Vancouver Airport and taking flying lessons in Portland from Tex Rankin and Hans Mirow. She shares her experiences as a woman pilot trainee in the 1920s and 1930s. She talks about doing stunt flying, about doing parachute jumps, and about close calls she experienced while flying. She closes the interview by discussing the changes in planes during her time as an aviator.

This oral history interview with Robert A. Benz was conducted by Jacob Cohen in Portland, Oregon, as part of the Oregon Historical Society Research Library's oral history program. The interview was conducted in two sessions, on February 27 and May 30, 1980. An unidentified woman was also present. On the original cassettes, the recording speed increases throughout the first interview session. In this digitized version of the recording, the audio has been edited to adjust the speed.

In the first interview session, conducted on February 27, 1980, Benz describes how Benz Spring got its name and gives directions to the spring. He speaks about the history of his family's spring-manufacturing company, the Benz Spring Company. He talks about the uses for the company's springs, about the manufacturing process, and about the company's other products and patents. He also talks about a spring he donated to the Oregon Historical Society. He then discusses his family background. He talks about the Benz Spring Company's competition with the Laher Company, which also manufactured springs.

In the second interview session, conducted on May 30, 1980, Benz speaks further about Benz Spring, and continues to discuss the history of the Benz Spring Company. He talks about the company's products, including logging trailer springs and leaf springs; speaks again about a spring he donated to the Oregon Historical Society; and describes the power sources the company used for its manufacturing processes. He then speaks further about his family background and talks about his service in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II. He closes the interview by discussing the growth of the Benz Spring Company.

This oral history interview with Clara May Patterson was conducted by Mary Cowan and Ruth Kinon on June 11, 1980. The interviewers are not identified in the audio, so their names are inferred from the handwriting on the physical audiocassette.

In this interview, Patterson describes her experience singing in the choir at the Lewis and Clark Exposition in 1905. She then discusses her family background and early life in Camas, Washington, including the medical career of her father, Theophilius C. Humphrey, and the houses her family lived in. She then talks about her later life in Portland, Oregon, including raising a family. She closes the interview by describing the overland journey of the Humphrey family from Iowa to Oregon in 1852.

This oral history interview with Eldon E. Bevens was conducted by Linda S. Dodds at the Muir & McDonald Company leather tannery in Dallas, Oregon, on June 20, 1980, as part of the Oregon Historical Society Research Library's oral history program. At the time of the interview, Dodds' name was Linda S. Brody. Bevens' father, Homer Bevens, was also present and contributed to part of the interview.

In this interview, Bevens gives a tour of the Muir & McDonald Company tannery in Dallas, and discusses the tannery business. He describes the machinery in the tannery, talks about the company's natural tanning process, and discusses the history of the tannery. He also talks about some of the ways the tannery's customers use its leather. He shares his memories of living near and working in the tannery during his early life, and of the tannery's previous owners. He closes the interview by talking about his plans for the tannery's future.

The recording ends with a brief interview with Homer Bevens at his home in Dallas. He discusses his experiences working at the Muir & McDonald Company tannery from 1922 to 1977.

This oral history interview with William Francis Lambert was conducted by Linda S. Dodds on July 14, 1980, at Lambert's home in Portland, Oregon. At the time of the interview, Dodds' name was Linda S. Brody.

In this interview, Lambert discusses his family background and early life in Portland, Oregon. He speaks at length about spending summers at the YMCA Spirit Lake Boys' Camp from 1913 to 1916, describing the camp rules, activities, and buildings. He also talks about some of the camp personnel and his fellow campers. He then discusses his work history, particularly working in the timber industry in Oregon and as a railroad worker in Alaska. He closes the interview by talking about his experiences in Fairbanks, Alaska.

This oral history interview with Marion D. Ross was conducted by Linda S. Dodds at the University of Oregon in Eugene on August 22, 1980, as part of the Oregon Historical Society Research Library's oral history program. At the time of the interview, Dodds' name was Linda S. Brody.

In this interview, Ross briefly discusses his early interest in Baroque architecture, then shares his experiences in the Army during World War II, particularly his training at Army bases in Oregon. He then talks about his career as a professor of architecture at the University of Oregon. He shares his reasons for coming to Oregon, talks about the work of the Historic American Buildings Survey in the state, and discusses the historic preservation of commercial buildings, particularly in Jacksonville and Portland. He also talks about the Northwest Regional style of architecture.

This oral history interview with Robert Svilar was conducted by Curtis Johnson from September 10-11, 1980, at Carmen's Restaurant in Portland, Oregon. The interview was conducted as part of the Drive-in Restaurants of Portland Oral History Project, a series of interviews that Johnson conducted about the history of Portland drive-ins, with a particular emphasis on Tik-Tok and Yaw's Top Notch. The interview was conducted in two sessions.

In the first interview session, conducted on September 10, 1980, Svilar briefly discusses his family background and early life in Portland and talks about working for the Portland Police Bureau. He speaks about directing traffic at Yaw's Top Notch drive-in restaurant while off-duty; speaks about handing out Tootsie Roll candies to restaurant customers; and talks about police-community relations in the Hollywood neighborhood of Portland. He talks about the popularity of drive-in restaurants in the 1950s and 1960s, and how the atmosphere changed in the 1970s.

In the second interview session, conducted on September 11, 1980, Svilar continues discussing directing traffic at Yaw's while off-duty. He revisits the topics of police-community relations in the Hollywood neighborhood of Portland and the popularity of drive-in restaurants in the 1950s and 1960s, and how the atmosphere changed in the 1970s. He describes the layout of Yaw's Top Notch, shares a few anecdotes about his time working there, and talks about his reasons for leaving Yaw's. He talks about his service in the Navy, his early career with the Portland Police Bureau, and the menu at Yaw's. He closes the interview by discussing the reasons drive-in restaurants declined in popularity.

This oral history interview with Monte Ballou was conducted by Linda S. Dodds on September 16, 1980, as part of the Oregon Historical Society Research Library's oral history program. At the time of the interview, Dodds' name was Linda S. Brody. A transcript of the interview is available.

In this interview, Ballou discusses his family background and early life in Amity, Oregon, including his early interest in playing music, particularly the banjo and mandolin. He talks about playing in bands, particularly the Castle Jazz Band; about the music community in Oregon, particularly in Portland; and about running jazz clubs in Portland. He closes the interview by reflecting on his long career as a musician and talking about musicians he worked with.

This oral history interview with Lorenzo E. Ghiglieri was conducted by Linda S. Dodds at Ghiglieri's studio in Portland, Oregon, on September 25, 1980, as part of the Oregon Historical Society Research Library's oral history program. At the time of the interview, Dodds' name was Linda S. Brody.

In this interview, Ghiglieri discusses his family background and shares his reasons for moving to Portland, Oregon. He talks about his career as an artist, about the people who taught him, and about how living in the Pacific Northwest influences his art. He speaks about his experience in the U.S. Navy during the Korean War, including the art he made as part of his service. He offers his personal definition of sculpture and talks about his favorite sculpting media. He speaks at length about life as an artist in Oregon, lists artists that influenced him, and talks about some of his paintings, including a portrait of President Richard M. Nixon, paintings in the Seventh-day Adventist multimedia presentation "Earth: Theater of the Universe," and portraits of Inuit people. He discusses the inspirations for some of his sculptures, including "Casey's Gold," which depicts a miner holding a nugget of gold, and his sculptures of wildlife. He closes the interview by talking about learning from his mistakes.

This oral history interview with sisters Mary M. Whittier and Nora I. Jordan was conducted by Elizabeth Patapoff on October 7, 1980. In this interview, Whittier and Jordan discuss their family background and early life in Columbia City, Oregon, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including Whittier's memories of the 1894 flood. They talk about the family of Lucinda Caples and Dr. Charles Caples, and about the rivalry between Columbia City and St. Helens. Whittier speaks about her teaching career, and about changes in technology. Jordan discusses the construction of railroad lines in the Columbia City area, and boating on the Columbia River. Whittier closes the interview by talking about her experience with appendicitis.

This oral history interview with Ron E. Henderson was conducted by Curtis Johnson on October 27, 1980, at Crossing Restaurant in Vancouver, Washington. The interview was conducted as part of the Drive-in Restaurants of Portland Oral History Project, a series of interviews that Johnson conducted about the history of Portland drive-ins, with a particular emphasis on Tik-Tok and Yaw's Top Notch.

In this interview, Henderson discusses his experiences during high school in Portland, Oregon, in the 1960s, including going to drive-in restaurants and his participation in street racing. He describes the food, atmosphere, and clientele of the drive-in restaurants, including Yaw's Top Notch and the Tik-Tok. He talks about cruising on Broadway Street, places where street races were held, and dating. He discusses racial tensions among street racers, cars he owned, and reasons why he stopped frequenting drive-ins. He speaks about the decline of drive-in restaurants, his involvement with the Hot Rod Club, and his career as a mechanic and later with Coors Brewing Company. He closes the interview by talking about pranks he and his friends pulled at drive-ins and again describes some of the drive-ins in Portland.

This oral history interview with Leslie E. Poole was conducted by Curtis Johnson on October 31, 1980, at Poole's home in Portland, Oregon. The interview was conducted as part of the Drive-in Restaurants of Portland Oral History Project, a series of interviews that Johnson conducted about the history of Portland drive-ins, with a particular emphasis on Tik-Tok and Yaw's Top Notch.

In this interview, Poole discusses his early life in Oregon and his experience in the U.S. Navy during World War I. He talks about his early career as a structural engineer for various construction companies in the Pacific Northwest. He discusses why he liked engineering and talks about working with different construction materials, including concrete and steel. He speaks about working with Fred Meyer Inc., and describes the techniques he used in designing buildings for the company. He then speaks at length about his design for Bart's Drive-in in Portland. He talks about his design process and closes the interview by sharing his experience getting his engineering license.

This oral history interview with Bill J. Jwayad was conducted by Curtis Johnson on November 8, 1980, at Jwayad's home in Vancouver, Washington. The interview was conducted as part of the Drive-in Restaurants of Portland Oral History Project, a series of interviews that Johnson conducted about the history of Portland drive-ins, with a particular emphasis on Tik-Tok and Yaw's Top Notch.

In this interview, Jwayad discusses going to drive-in restaurants while in high school in Portland, Oregon in the 1950s, and his involvement in street racing. He talks about car clubs in North Portland, places where street races were held, and racial conflicts amongst racers. He describes the various drive-ins that he frequented; talks about his involvement with the Hot Rod Club; and discusses run-ins with law enforcement. He closes the interview by talking about why he enjoyed cruising and street racing, why he stopped participating, and his career as a mechanic.

This oral history interview with Steven P. Yaw was conducted by Curtis Johnson on November 12, 1980, at Yaw's Restaurant in Portland, Oregon. The interview was conducted as part of the Drive-in Restaurants of Portland Oral History Project, a series of interviews that Johnson conducted about the history of Portland drive-ins, with a particular emphasis on Tik-Tok and Yaw's Top Notch.

In this interview, Yaw discusses the family business, Yaw's Top Notch drive-in restaurant in Portland. He talks about working at the restaurant beginning at age 11. He discusses running Yaw's Top Notch on his own and the changes he made to the business, including discontinuing car service. He talks about maintaining the building and equipment, using computers to manage payroll and finances, and how the restaurant business has changed since his grandfather, W.P. Yaw, first opened Yaw's in the 1920s. He discusses Yaw's use of off-duty police officers to control traffic. He talks about managing the restaurant employees and his relationship with the business community in the Hollywood neighborhood of Portland. He then responds to criticisms of how he ran Yaw's. He closes the interview by talking about the menu at Yaw's and the restaurant's clientele.

This oral history interview with Donald P. Krueger was conducted by Curtis Johnson on November 13, 1980, at Krueger's home in Portland, Oregon. The interview was conducted as part of the Drive-in Restaurants of Portland Oral History Project, a series of interviews that Johnson conducted about the history of Portland drive-ins, with a particular emphasis on Tik-Tok and Yaw's Top Notch.

In this interview, Krueger discusses going to drive-in restaurants and car clubs in Portland, Oregon, while in high school in the mid-1950s. He talks about his involvement in street racing, describes the drive-ins he frequented, and discusses how the drive-in culture changed over the years. He talks about dating, music, and food at the drive-ins, focusing on Yaw's Top Notch, Tik Tok, and Jim Dandy; describes cruising on Broadway Street and Sandy Boulevard; and talks about the cars he owned. He closes the interview by sharing a few anecdotes about his drive-in days, talking about his activities with the car club, and by discussing the decline of Portland's drive-ins.

This oral history interview with Wanda Lee Krueger was conducted by Curtis Johnson on November 13, 1980, at Krueger's home in Portland, Oregon. The interview was conducted as part of the Drive-in Restaurants of Portland Oral History Project, a series of interviews that Johnson conducted about the history of Portland drive-ins, with a particular emphasis on Tik-Tok and Yaw's Top Notch.

In this interview, Krueger discusses working as a car-hop at drive-in restaurants around Oregon. She names the many drive-ins she worked at and talks about why she preferred working as a carhop. She describes her work as a carhop at Yaw's Top Notch in Portland, Oregon, from 1966 until 1978. She speaks at length about interacting with customers, her co-workers, and the hazards she faced on the job. She discusses the popularity of Yaw's Top Notch, their menu, and the decline of drive-ins. She talks about problems with customers, about tipping, and about the uniforms at Yaw's. She closes the interview by revisiting the topics of interacting with customers and coworkers, the many drive-ins she worked at around Oregon, and the reasons she preferred working as a carhop.

This oral history interview with Betty Roberts was conducted by Linda S. Dodds in Portland, Oregon, from October 29 to November 14, 1980. At the time of the interview, Dodds' name was Linda S. Brody.

In the interview, Roberts discusses her early life in Texas, including her memories of the Depression and her childhood activities. She then talks about attending Texas Wesleyan University for a year; meeting Bill Rice and their subsequent marriage; and her early years as a housewife in Oregon, where she and Rice moved after World War II. She talks about returning to college in 1955 at Eastern Oregon College of Education (now Eastern Oregon University), then transferring to Portland State University. She talks about the difficulty of balancing school, a part-time job, and family life; her interest in both a teaching career and politics; and her involvement with the Lynch School Board from 1960 to 1966. She also talks briefly about studying at Northwestern College of Law.

Roberts discusses her service in the Oregon House of Representatives from 1965 to 1968, and in the Oregon Senate from 1969 to 1977. She also talks about her unsuccessful campaigns for the House in 1962 and her successful one in 1964. She discusses some of the legislation she worked on, including on universal kindergarten and victims' rights, and particularly regarding women's rights. She talks about her experiences as a woman in the Legislature. She describes her 1968 primary campaign against incumbent Senator Tom Mahoney; the casual sexism she observed; and the formation of the women's caucus in the 1973 legislative session. She discusses her committee assignments, including the judiciary committee and Ways and Means. She also gives a brief history of the coalition of Republicans and Conservative Democrats that controlled the Senate throughout the 1950s and 1960s. She then talks about her unsuccessful campaigns for governor in 1974, and the U.S. Senate later that same year. She describes the passage of the Bottle Bill in 1971 and the opposition the legislation faced.

Roberts closes the interview by discussing her service as a judge on the Oregon Court of Appeals from 1977 to the time of the interview in 1980.

This oral history interview with Sherman G. Marriott was conducted by Curtis Johnson on November 17, 1980, in Portland, Oregon. The interview was conducted as part of the Drive-in Restaurants of Portland Oral History Project, a series of interviews that Johnson conducted about the history of Portland drive-ins, with a particular emphasis on Tik Tok and Yaw's Top Notch.

In this interview, Marriott discusses how he got into the root-beer stand business in California in the 1920s, and his decision to open the Tik Tok Drive In restaurant in Portland, Oregon. He talks about operating the Tik Tok, the effect World War II had on the business, and the restaurant's operating costs. He discusses the Tik Tok menu, the design of the building, and the popularity of the restaurant. He talks about the restaurant employees, including their uniforms and compensation. He closes the interview by discussing the difficulties inherent in running a restaurant, and by talking about the kitchen equipment and about his business partner, Horace Williams.

This oral history interview with Charlie M. Yaw was conducted by Curtis Johnson on November 19, 1980, at Yaw's Restaurant in Portland, Oregon. The interview was conducted as part of the Drive-in Restaurants of Portland Oral History Project, a series of interviews that Johnson conducted about the history of Portland drive-ins, with a particular emphasis on Tik-Tok and Yaw's Top Notch.

In this interview, Yaw discusses her experience during high school in Portland in the 1960s, including her social life, dating, and school dress codes. She speaks at length about frequenting Yaw's Top Notch drive-in restaurant during high school, including underage drinking, the restaurant employees, and the menu. She closes the interview by talking about working as a carhop at Yaw's.