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Interview with Betty Niederhaus and Marie N. Schreiber [Sound Recording 01]

Tape 1, Side 1. This oral history interview with Betty Niederhaus and Marie Schreiber was conducted by Barbara Whittlesey at Niederhaus’s home in Portland, Oregon, on May 17, 1981. In this interview, they discuss their family background and early life in Portland. They then talk about their experiences as women marine machinists for the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation. They describe their job duties, talk about the dangers of the job, and speak about people they worked with. They also discuss the experience of being laid off immediately after the war ended. They talk about their lives after the war and Niederhaus speaks about working for Jantzen Knitting Mills. They discuss the lower wages they earn as women, and share their thoughts on the women’s movement and feminism.

Niederhaus, Betty, 1925-2005

Interview with Betty Niederhaus and Marie N. Schreiber [Sound Recording 02]

Tape 1, Side 2. This oral history interview with Betty Niederhaus and Marie Schreiber was conducted by Barbara Whittlesey at Niederhaus’s home in Portland, Oregon, on May 17, 1981. In this interview, they discuss their family background and early life in Portland. They then talk about their experiences as women marine machinists for the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation. They describe their job duties, talk about the dangers of the job, and speak about people they worked with. They also discuss the experience of being laid off immediately after the war ended. They talk about their lives after the war and Niederhaus speaks about working for Jantzen Knitting Mills. They discuss the lower wages they earn as women, and share their thoughts on the women’s movement and feminism.

Niederhaus, Betty, 1925-2005

Interview with Betty Niederhaus and Marie N. Schreiber [Sound Recording 03]

Tape 2, Side 1. This oral history interview with Betty Niederhaus and Marie Schreiber was conducted by Barbara Whittlesey at Niederhaus’s home in Portland, Oregon, on May 17, 1981. In this interview, they discuss their family background and early life in Portland. They then talk about their experiences as women marine machinists for the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation. They describe their job duties, talk about the dangers of the job, and speak about people they worked with. They also discuss the experience of being laid off immediately after the war ended. They talk about their lives after the war and Niederhaus speaks about working for Jantzen Knitting Mills. They discuss the lower wages they earn as women, and share their thoughts on the women’s movement and feminism.

Niederhaus, Betty, 1925-2005

Interview with Billie H. Strmiska [Sound Recording 01]

Tape 1, Side 1. This oral history interview with Billie H. Strmiska was conducted by Karen Wickre at Strmiska’s home in Wheeler, Oregon, on June 14, 1981. Strmiska’s husband, Edward Strmiska, was also present and occasionally contributed to the interview. In this interview, Strmiska discusses her early life in Penelope, Texas, then talks about her experiences during the Depression in Oregon, Texas, and in Washington. She discusses her experiences as a welder for the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation and for Commercial Iron Works in Portland, Oregon. She describes her training, talks about the protective clothing she wore, and discusses the dangers of the job. She speaks at length about participating in a welding contest in 1943 and about the trip she took as a result of achieving second place. She talks about her life after the war, running a berry farm with her husband. Complete transcript available (60 pages).

Strmiska, Bille H. (Hermina Henrietta), 1908-1993

Interview with Billie H. Strmiska [Sound Recording 02]

Tape 1, Side 2. This oral history interview with Billie H. Strmiska was conducted by Karen Wickre at Strmiska’s home in Wheeler, Oregon, on June 14, 1981. Strmiska’s husband, Edward Strmiska, was also present and occasionally contributed to the interview. In this interview, Strmiska discusses her early life in Penelope, Texas, then talks about her experiences during the Depression in Oregon, Texas, and in Washington. She discusses her experiences as a welder for the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation and for Commercial Iron Works in Portland, Oregon. She describes her training, talks about the protective clothing she wore, and discusses the dangers of the job. She speaks at length about participating in a welding contest in 1943 and about the trip she took as a result of achieving second place. She talks about her life after the war, running a berry farm with her husband. Complete transcript available (60 pages).

Strmiska, Bille H. (Hermina Henrietta), 1908-1993

Interview with Billie H. Strmiska [Sound Recording 03]

Tape 2, Side 1. This oral history interview with Billie H. Strmiska was conducted by Karen Wickre at Strmiska’s home in Wheeler, Oregon, on June 14, 1981. Strmiska’s husband, Edward Strmiska, was also present and occasionally contributed to the interview. In this interview, Strmiska discusses her early life in Penelope, Texas, then talks about her experiences during the Depression in Oregon, Texas, and in Washington. She discusses her experiences as a welder for the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation and for Commercial Iron Works in Portland, Oregon. She describes her training, talks about the protective clothing she wore, and discusses the dangers of the job. She speaks at length about participating in a welding contest in 1943 and about the trip she took as a result of achieving second place. She talks about her life after the war, running a berry farm with her husband. Complete transcript available (60 pages).

Strmiska, Bille H. (Hermina Henrietta), 1908-1993

Interview with Brian R. Gant about Clive Charles and soccer in Portland, Oregon [Sound Recording]

This interview with Brian R. Gant was conducted by Katelyn Best on February 10, 2021, as research for "The House that Clive Built," an article by Best that was published in the Rose City Review on February 26, 2021. The interview was conducted over the phone and recorded using Audacity audio recording software.

In this interview, Gant discusses playing soccer with the Portland Timbers in the mid-1970s. He describes how the team changed after 1978. He talks about playing on the team with Clive Charles, about the camaraderie of the team, and about the team's involvement in the Portland community. He discusses F.C. Portland, a soccer club that also coached kids in the summers and was begun by Clive Charles in 1985. He speaks at length about Clive Charles's career as a soccer coach at the University of Portland, particularly for the women's team, and describes how Charles's work as a coach led to the increased popularity of soccer in Portland and the formation of the Portland Thorns women's soccer team. He also talks about University of Portland player Tiffeny Milbrett. He shares the reasons why Charles remained in Portland rather than returning to England. He also talks about the soccer career of his niece, Portland Thorns player Christine Sinclair. He closes the interview by reflecting on the legacy of Clive Charles.

Gant, Brian R. (Brian Reginald), 1952-

Interview with Carrie Chapman [Sound Recording 01]

Tape 1, Side 1. The sound quality of this interview is very poor. This oral history interview with Carrie Chapman was conducted by Madeline Moore and Karen Wickre on May 12, 1980. In this interview, Chapman discusses living and teaching in Eastern Oregon, and talks about teaching special education in Portland schools. She describes how she came to work as a welder at the Commercial Iron Works shipyards in Portland. She describes the dangers of the job, talks about her job duties, and discusses the treatment women workers received in Portland, from both men and other women. She shares her feelings about working with Black people. She describes naval inspections, talks about people she worked with, and shares her feelings about the the U.S. government's incarceration of Japanese Americans. She also talks about necessary protective gear.

Chapman, Carrie

Interview with Carrie Chapman [Sound Recording 02]

Tape 1, Side 2. The sound quality of this interview is very poor. This oral history interview with Carrie Chapman was conducted by Madeline Moore and Karen Wickre on May 12, 1980. In this interview, Chapman discusses living and teaching in Eastern Oregon, and talks about teaching special education in Portland schools. She describes how she came to work as a welder at the Commercial Iron Works shipyards in Portland. She describes the dangers of the job, talks about her job duties, and discusses the treatment women workers received in Portland, from both men and other women. She shares her feelings about working with Black people. She describes naval inspections, talks about people she worked with, and shares her feelings about the the U.S. government's incarceration of Japanese Americans. She also talks about necessary protective gear.

Chapman, Carrie

Interview with Cornella H. Novak (Interview 15) [Sound Recording 01]

Tape 1, Side 1. In this interview, Cornella H. Novak discusses her work as coordinator for the Portland Public Schools nurseries during World War II. She describes receiving funds from the Lanham Act of 1940 and setting up the day care program; talks about the development of the 12 centers she oversaw; and speaks about the 24-hour center at the University Homes war housing project. She discusses the options available for infant care in Portland during and after World War II; speaks about the influence the Kaiser child care centers had on other day care facilities in Portland; and discusses the state of day care after the Lanham Act funding ceased in 1946. She talks about her life after the war and her later involvement with day care programs in Portland. She also speaks about Jim Hymes and his philosophy about early childhood development. She compares the Portland Public Schools nurseries to the Kaiser Child Service Centers, the Lanham-funded public nurseries in Vanport and Vancouver, and day care facilities available at the time of the interview in 1976.

Novak, Cornella H. (Cornella Hill), 1913-2003

Interview with Cornella H. Novak (Interview 15) [Sound Recording 02]

Tape 1, Side 2. In this interview, Cornella H. Novak discusses her work as coordinator for the Portland Public Schools nurseries during World War II. She describes receiving funds from the Lanham Act of 1940 and setting up the day care program; talks about the development of the 12 centers she oversaw; and speaks about the 24-hour center at the University Homes war housing project. She discusses the options available for infant care in Portland during and after World War II; speaks about the influence the Kaiser child care centers had on other day care facilities in Portland; and discusses the state of day care after the Lanham Act funding ceased in 1946. She talks about her life after the war and her later involvement with day care programs in Portland. She also speaks about Jim Hymes and his philosophy about early childhood development. She compares the Portland Public Schools nurseries to the Kaiser Child Service Centers, the Lanham-funded public nurseries in Vanport and Vancouver, and day care facilities available at the time of the interview in 1976.

Novak, Cornella H. (Cornella Hill), 1913-2003

Interview with Cornella H. Novak (Interview 15) [Sound Recording 03]

Tape 2, Side 1. In this interview, Cornella H. Novak discusses her work as coordinator for the Portland Public Schools nurseries during World War II. She describes receiving funds from the Lanham Act of 1940 and setting up the day care program; talks about the development of the 12 centers she oversaw; and speaks about the 24-hour center at the University Homes war housing project. She discusses the options available for infant care in Portland during and after World War II; speaks about the influence the Kaiser child care centers had on other day care facilities in Portland; and discusses the state of day care after the Lanham Act funding ceased in 1946. She talks about her life after the war and her later involvement with day care programs in Portland. She also speaks about Jim Hymes and his philosophy about early childhood development. She compares the Portland Public Schools nurseries to the Kaiser Child Service Centers, the Lanham-funded public nurseries in Vanport and Vancouver, and day care facilities available at the time of the interview in 1976.

Novak, Cornella H. (Cornella Hill), 1913-2003

Interview with Cornella H. Novak (Interview 15) [Sound Recording 04]

Tape 2, Side 2. In this interview, Cornella H. Novak discusses her work as coordinator for the Portland Public Schools nurseries during World War II. She describes receiving funds from the Lanham Act of 1940 and setting up the day care program; talks about the development of the 12 centers she oversaw; and speaks about the 24-hour center at the University Homes war housing project. She discusses the options available for infant care in Portland during and after World War II; speaks about the influence the Kaiser child care centers had on other day care facilities in Portland; and discusses the state of day care after the Lanham Act funding ceased in 1946. She talks about her life after the war and her later involvement with day care programs in Portland. She also speaks about Jim Hymes and his philosophy about early childhood development. She compares the Portland Public Schools nurseries to the Kaiser Child Service Centers, the Lanham-funded public nurseries in Vanport and Vancouver, and day care facilities available at the time of the interview in 1976.

Novak, Cornella H. (Cornella Hill), 1913-2003

Interview with Doris Avshalomov [Sound Recording 01]

Tape 1, Side 1. This oral history interview with Doris Avshalomov was conducted by Madeline Moore at Avshalomov’s home in Portland, Oregon, on June 5, 1981. In this interview, Avshalomov discusses her early life in Portland, Oregon, including her experience at Reed College. She speaks about working as an electrician in the Kaiser shipyard in Vancouver, Washington; shares her observations on the experiences of Black shipyard workers; and describes some of the discrimination she experienced due to her age, her gender, and her friendliness towards Black workers. She talks about her training and describes her job duties; talks about her living situation; and then speaks about her life after the war. She shares her reasons for leaving the shipyards in 1944. She reads a poem she wrote about working in the shipyards. She closes the interview by talking about some of the people she met in the shipyards. Complete transcript available (35 pages).

Avshalomov, Doris

Interview with Doris Avshalomov [Sound Recording 02]

Tape 1, Side 2. This oral history interview with Doris Avshalomov was conducted by Madeline Moore at Avshalomov’s home in Portland, Oregon, on June 5, 1981. In this interview, Avshalomov discusses her early life in Portland, Oregon, including her experience at Reed College. She speaks about working as an electrician in the Kaiser shipyard in Vancouver, Washington; shares her observations on the experiences of Black shipyard workers; and describes some of the discrimination she experienced due to her age, her gender, and her friendliness towards Black workers. She talks about her training and describes her job duties; talks about her living situation; and then speaks about her life after the war. She shares her reasons for leaving the shipyards in 1944. She reads a poem she wrote about working in the shipyards. She closes the interview by talking about some of the people she met in the shipyards. Complete transcript available (35 pages).

Avshalomov, Doris

Interview with Doris Avshalomov [Sound Recording 03]

Tape 2, Side 1. This oral history interview with Doris Avshalomov was conducted by Madeline Moore at Avshalomov’s home in Portland, Oregon, on June 5, 1981. In this interview, Avshalomov discusses her early life in Portland, Oregon, including her experience at Reed College. She speaks about working as an electrician in the Kaiser shipyard in Vancouver, Washington; shares her observations on the experiences of Black shipyard workers; and describes some of the discrimination she experienced due to her age, her gender, and her friendliness towards Black workers. She talks about her training and describes her job duties; talks about her living situation; and then speaks about her life after the war. She shares her reasons for leaving the shipyards in 1944. She reads a poem she wrote about working in the shipyards. She closes the interview by talking about some of the people she met in the shipyards. Complete transcript available (35 pages).

Avshalomov, Doris

Interview with Dorothy R. Anderson [Sound Recording 01]

Tape 1, Side 1. This oral history interview with Dorothy R. Anderson was conducted by Amy Kesselman at the U.S. Bancorp Building in Portland, Oregon, on May 22, 1981. In this interview, Anderson discusses her early life in Salem, and talks about jobs she worked during the Depression. She describes how she came to work as an electrician at Commercial Iron Works and at Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation in Portland. She also talks about her marriage in 1940 and about her divorce in 1944. She shares her experiences as a woman worker in the shipyards, talks about her job duties, and describes the dangers of the job. She talks about the jobs she held after the end of the war, particularly her career with the U.S. National Bank of Oregon, shares her thoughts on the women's liberation movement, and discusses her plans for retirement.

Anderson, Dorothy R. (Dorothy Rulifson), 1917-1991

Interview with Dorothy R. Anderson [Sound Recording 02]

Tape 1, Side 2. This oral history interview with Dorothy R. Anderson was conducted by Amy Kesselman at the U.S. Bancorp Building in Portland, Oregon, on May 22, 1981. In this interview, Anderson discusses her early life in Salem, and talks about jobs she worked during the Depression. She describes how she came to work as an electrician at Commercial Iron Works and at Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation in Portland. She also talks about her marriage in 1940 and about her divorce in 1944. She shares her experiences as a woman worker in the shipyards, talks about her job duties, and describes the dangers of the job. She talks about the jobs she held after the end of the war, particularly her career with the U.S. National Bank of Oregon, shares her thoughts on the women's liberation movement, and discusses her plans for retirement.

Anderson, Dorothy R. (Dorothy Rulifson), 1917-1991

Interview with Edna L. Hopkins [Sound Recording 01]

Tape 1, Side 1.This oral history interview with Edna L. Hopkins was conducted by Amy Kesselman on May 28, 1981. In this interview, Hopkins discusses her early life in Kentucky and Tennessee, including raising a family and working at an aircraft plant. She then talks about coming to Oregon in 1943 and shares her experiences as a welder in the Kaiser shipyards in Vancouver, Washington. She describes her training, her job duties, and the dangers of the job. She discusses her union membership, as well as balancing work and home life. She speaks about her life after the war, including working at the Jantzen Knitting Mills. She shares her opinion on the women’s movement and feminism, shares her observations of the treatment Black people received in Portland, and talks about her children, their families and their careers. Incomplete transcript available (37 pages)..

Hopkins, Edna L. (Edna Lee), 1915-1987

Interview with Edna L. Hopkins [Sound Recording 02]

Tape 1, Side 2. This oral history interview with Edna L. Hopkins was conducted by Amy Kesselman on May 28, 1981. In this interview, Hopkins discusses her early life in Kentucky and Tennessee, including raising a family and working at an aircraft plant. She then talks about coming to Oregon in 1943 and shares her experiences as a welder in the Kaiser shipyards in Vancouver, Washington. She describes her training, her job duties, and the dangers of the job. She discusses her union membership, as well as balancing work and home life. She speaks about her life after the war, including working at the Jantzen Knitting Mills. She shares her opinion on the women’s movement and feminism, shares her observations of the treatment Black people received in Portland, and talks about her children, their families and their careers. Incomplete transcript available (37 pages)..

Hopkins, Edna L. (Edna Lee), 1915-1987

Interview with Edna L. Hopkins [Sound Recording 03]

Tape 2, Side 1. This oral history interview with Edna L. Hopkins was conducted by Amy Kesselman on May 28, 1981. In this interview, Hopkins discusses her early life in Kentucky and Tennessee, including raising a family and working at an aircraft plant. She then talks about coming to Oregon in 1943 and shares her experiences as a welder in the Kaiser shipyards in Vancouver, Washington. She describes her training, her job duties, and the dangers of the job. She discusses her union membership, as well as balancing work and home life. She speaks about her life after the war, including working at the Jantzen Knitting Mills. She shares her opinion on the women’s movement and feminism, shares her observations of the treatment Black people received in Portland, and talks about her children, their families and their careers. Incomplete transcript available (37 pages).

Hopkins, Edna L. (Edna Lee), 1915-1987

Interview with Elizabeth F. Goddard (Interview 13) [Sound Recording 01]

Tape 1, Side 1. In this interview, Elizabeth F. Goddard discusses her role in founding the child care centers at the Kaiser shipyards. She talks about the lasting effect the child care centers had on public education in Portland; about the services the shipyards offered their women workers; and about the other people who helped found the child care centers. She speaks about how the children in the centers benefited. She closes the interview by reflecting on the reasons some women workers chose not to use the centers.

Goddard, Elizabeth F. (Elizabeth Frances), 1902-1994

Interview with Elizabeth F. Goddard (Interview 13) [Sound Recording 02]

Tape 1, Side 2. In this interview, Elizabeth F. Goddard discusses her role in founding the child care centers at the Kaiser shipyards. She talks about the lasting effect the child care centers had on public education in Portland; about the services the shipyards offered their women workers; and about the other people who helped found the child care centers. She speaks about how the children in the centers benefited. She closes the interview by reflecting on the reasons some women workers chose not to use the centers.

Goddard, Elizabeth F. (Elizabeth Frances), 1902-1994

Interview with Etta G. Harvey [Sound Recording 01]

Tape 1, Side 1. This oral history interview with Etta G. Harvey was conducted by Sandy Polishuk at Harvey's home in Portland, Oregon, on May 28, 1981. In this interview, Harvey discusses her early life in Portland, including her first marriage to John F. Frey and early job as a waitress, then describes how she came to work as a burner at Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation in Portland. She also talks about her marriage to Clarence L. Harvey in 1944. She describes her job duties, shares her experiences as a woman worker in the shipyards, and talks about her wages. She describes the dangers of the job, as well as her own work-related injuries. She talks about her son's education, career, and family. She speaks about working as a waitress after the end of the war, and reflects on the most challenging aspects of working alongside men in the shipyard. She closes the interview by sharing her thoughts on the women's liberation movement.

Harvey, Etta G., 1912-1985

Interview with Etta G. Harvey [Sound Recording 02]

Tape 1, Side 2. This oral history interview with Etta G. Harvey was conducted by Sandy Polishuk at Harvey's home in Portland, Oregon, on May 28, 1981. In this interview, Harvey discusses her early life in Portland, including her first marriage to John F. Frey and early job as a waitress, then describes how she came to work as a burner at Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation in Portland. She also talks about her marriage to Clarence L. Harvey in 1944. She describes her job duties, shares her experiences as a woman worker in the shipyards, and talks about her wages. She describes the dangers of the job, as well as her own work-related injuries. She talks about her son's education, career, and family. She speaks about working as a waitress after the end of the war, and reflects on the most challenging aspects of working alongside men in the shipyard. She closes the interview by sharing her thoughts on the women's liberation movement.

Harvey, Etta G., 1912-1985

Interview with Etta G. Harvey [Sound Recording 03]

Tape 2, Side 1. This oral history interview with Etta G. Harvey was conducted by Sandy Polishuk at Harvey's home in Portland, Oregon, on May 28, 1981. In this interview, Harvey discusses her early life in Portland, including her first marriage to John F. Frey and early job as a waitress, then describes how she came to work as a burner at Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation in Portland. She also talks about her marriage to Clarence L. Harvey in 1944. She describes her job duties, shares her experiences as a woman worker in the shipyards, and talks about her wages. She describes the dangers of the job, as well as her own work-related injuries. She talks about her son's education, career, and family. She speaks about working as a waitress after the end of the war, and reflects on the most challenging aspects of working alongside men in the shipyard. She closes the interview by sharing her thoughts on the women's liberation movement.

Harvey, Etta G., 1912-1985

Interview with Etta G. Harvey [Sound Recording 04]

Tape 2, Side 2. This oral history interview with Etta G. Harvey was conducted by Sandy Polishuk at Harvey's home in Portland, Oregon, on May 28, 1981. In this interview, Harvey discusses her early life in Portland, including her first marriage to John F. Frey and early job as a waitress, then describes how she came to work as a burner at Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation in Portland. She also talks about her marriage to Clarence L. Harvey in 1944. She describes her job duties, shares her experiences as a woman worker in the shipyards, and talks about her wages. She describes the dangers of the job, as well as her own work-related injuries. She talks about her son's education, career, and family. She speaks about working as a waitress after the end of the war, and reflects on the most challenging aspects of working alongside men in the shipyard. She closes the interview by sharing her thoughts on the women's liberation movement.

Harvey, Etta G., 1912-1985

Interview with Eva L. Groshong [Sound Recording 01]

Tape 1, Side 1. This oral history interview with Eva L. Groshong was conducted by Amy Kesselman in Gresham, Oregon, on June 18, 1981. In this interview, Groshong discusses her early life on a farm in Goldendale, Washington, her marriage history, and her work as a fruit packer and teacher. She describes how she came to work in the Kaiser shipyard in Vancouver, Washington, during World War II and shares her experiences as a woman worker. She talks about the dangers of the job, about the people she worked with, and about her daily activities during that time. She also discusses her husband's health and her activities after the end of the war. She shares her thoughts about the women's liberation movement and about secular government.

Groshong, Eva L. (Eva Locy), 1896-1996

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