This oral history interview with Raymond W. Nyls was conducted by Kathleen A. Mitchell in Salem, Philomath, and Portland, Oregon, from April 4 to September 12, 1992. The interview was conducted in six sessions.

In the first interview session, conducted in Salem, Oregon, on April 4, 1992, Nyls discusses his family background and early life in Portland, Wauna, Warrenton, and Astoria, including learning to swim, the divorce of his parents, and his memories of the amusement park at Jantzen Beach. He also talks about family trips by train. He speaks at length about his childhood recreational activities, games, and hobbies. He also talks about his relationship with his step-father. He discusses his interest in military history and geology.

In the second interview session, conducted at the Benton County Historical Museum in Philomath, Oregon, on April 25, 1992, Nyls continues discussing his early life in Portland and Wauna, including his memories of the amusement park at Jantzen Beach, his social life during his teenage years, and his relationship with his step-father. He speaks about his step-father's work as a sawyer at sawmills in the company town of Wauna, describes the town, and discusses his education. He describes the houses he lived in, speaks about his recreational activities and childhood games, and discusses the Japanese American population in Wauna. He then looks at photographs of Wauna and talks about them, as well as a fire that burned down the town's school house.

In the third interview session, conducted at the Benton County Historical Museum in Philomath on May 30, 1992, Nyls continues discussing his early life in Wauna, including his social life. He describes the railroad service to Wauna. He again looks at photographs of Wauna and talks about them, as well as the fire that burned down the town's schoolhouse. He briefly discusses living in a small town near Westport during the Depression. He then talks about living in the sawmill company town of Warrenton, including his education, his involvement with sports, and fishing in the Skipanon River. He also talks about his social life in Warrenton. He discusses living in Astoria, particularly his experience during high school, including dating, playing in a band, and his experience in the National Guard. He also briefly describes a photograph of his family picking hops during the Depression. He speaks about roller skating, dancing, and drinking alcohol.

In the fourth interview session, conducted in Philomath on June 20, 1992, Nyls discusses living in Portland and working for the Forest Service through the National Youth Association. He then talks about working for Boeing in Seattle, Washington, in the years before World War II and about joining the Army Air Corps. He speaks about morale at Boeing after the bombing of Pearl Harbor and describes his feelings about the U.S. government's incarceration of Japanese Americans. He describes his Army Air Corps training at length, including both boot camp and flight training. He also talks about his marriage to Lucile Tinker.

In the fifth interview session, conducted at the Oregon Historical Society in Portland on July 26, 1992, Nyls looks at photographs dating from the Korean War, describes them, and speaks at length about his experiences as an engineering officer and fighter pilot during that war. He also shares his thoughts about friendly fire and the United States military. He discusses training other fighter pilots and speaks at length about training to become an engineering officer at the end of World War II. He also talks about his marriage to Peggy Garver and the death of his mother. He discusses the differences in the way the Air Force fought during World War II and in the Korean War and speaks about his career in the Air Force after the war's end.

In the sixth and final interview session, conducted in Philomath on September 12, 1992, Nyls looks at photographs from his career in the Air Force after the Korean War and describes them. He talks about serving as a squadron commander, describes serving on an Air Force base in Alaska during the Cold War, and shares his experiences serving at Camp Adair during the 1962 Columbus Day Storm. He talks about his reasons for settling in Eugene after retiring from the Air Force and reflects on his career, revisiting the topics of his service during World War II and the Korean War. He also describes more photographs. He discusses his children, their families, and their careers; shares his opinion about the Gulf War; and speaks at length about his hobbies, including his interest in history, geology, and astronomy. He closes the interview by talking about his work as a UFO investigator while in the Air Force.

This oral history interview with Annette M. Bartholomae was conducted by Sieglinde Smith from August 27 to September 3, 1992. The interview was conducted in two sessions.

In the first interview session, conducted on August 27, 1992, Bartholomae discusses her family background and talks about her adoptive family. She describes her early life in Portland, Oregon, including her early education and recreational activities. She also talks about her early interest in reading and libraries. She speaks about her experience at Reed College. She then talks about studying library science at Columbia University in New York. She also talks about working as a children's librarian at the Arleta library branch in Portland.

In the second interview session, conducted on September 3, 1992, Bartholomae discusses working as head librarian at the library in Pocatello, Idaho, and describes her life there. She then talks about working as a librarian for the U.S. Army's Camp White in Medford, Oregon, during World War II. She also talks about meeting her future husband, George Bartholomae, while working at the army camp, and discusses his experiences during World War I and II. She then discusses working as social services librarian at Portland State University, including taking classes at the university. She discusses working at the Oregon Historical Society Research Library at the end of her professional career. She also talks about working as a librarian at the Multnomah County Public Library. She describes her master's thesis for PSU, talks about her interest in Civil War history, and discusses the origins of her name. She closes the interview by talking about her education at library school.

This oral history interview with Don L. Hunter was conducted by Ben Trippett and Lee Trippett at the Del Rey Cafe in Eugene, Oregon, on October 18, 1963. In this interview, Hunter discusses an encounter with Bigfoot at Todd Lake in 1942. He describes the creature's physical characteristics, its movement, its sound, and its smell. Ben Trippett and Lee Trippett then speak at length about multiple other reported Sasquatch sightings. They all speak about the commonalities among the reports. Ben Trippett and Lee Trippett speak at length about their Bigfoot research, and Hunter ends the recording with a description of the audio reproduction process.

In this interview, Vernette H. Kilger describes her experiences in the Kaiser shipyards in Portland, Oregon, and in Vancouver, Washington. She talks about how she spent her free time; the different ways the shipyards helped women employees; and the management structure within the shipyards. She closes the interview by discussing being laid off after the war and talking about her activities since then. Complete transcript available (30 pages). The recording begins on Side 2 of a shared cassette. Side 1 is the end of the previous interview, with Forrest E. Rieke.

In this interview, Marie Gleason discusses working as an electrician at the Kaiser shipyards. She talks about supervising other women workers, including helping to accommodate a deaf coworker; and discusses the people she worked with. She briefly mentions the use of the day care centers and how other women had benefited from them. She also talks about training her cat and shares other personal anecdotes. She speaks about being laid off at the end of the war, and talks about her activities since then. She closes her interview by reflecting on her involvement with the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW). Complete transcript available (24 pages).

In this interview, Jean E. Amonson discusses her experiences as lead teacher for the Kaiser shipyards day care center in Portland, Oregon. She describes the daily operation of the center, the health and experiences of the children, and the teaching methods used. She closes the interview by discussing the lasting impact of this work on herself and her own children, and by talking about her retirement as a result of contracting polio. Incomplete transcript available (24 pages).

In this interview, Laura Fortier describes working as a truck driver for the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation. She describes driving in bad weather, particularly describing driving in thick fog. She talks about her duties and responsibilities as a driver, about people she worked with, and about instances of unfair treatment. She closes the interview by discussing her activities since leaving the shipyards in 1944, and talking about her early life in Oklahoma. Complete transcript available (23 pages).

In this interview, Mary T. Bucher describes her experience working as a welder at the Kaiser shipyards. She talks about her training; describes the work environment at the shipyards; and talks about her relationship with her coworkers. She also discusses meeting her husband, Sherman Datus Bucher, while working in the shipyards. She talks about raising a family and about the jobs she worked after quitting her job as a welder. She closes the interview by reflecting on her experiences as a woman worker in the shipyards. Complete transcript available (32 pages).

In this interview, Virla S. Busse discusses working at the Albina Engine & Machine Works shipyard. She talks about her work as a welder, describes her job duties, and talks about her job schedule. She talks about balancing work and family life. She shares her experiences as a woman worker during World War II. Complete transcript available (22 pages).

In this interview, Margaret E. Shearer discusses working in the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation shipyard. She talks about working in the office and about later working as a tool checker and cable stripper. She discusses her father's career as a foreman at the shipyards. She talks about the friends she made at the shipyards and discusses their later careers. Complete transcript available (17 pages).

In this interview, Mary E. Branin discusses her experience as a welder for the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation shipyard. She also talks about using the day care centers at the shipyards. She describes her training to become a welder, talks about later working on ship layouts, and discusses her early life in Washington. Includes a transcript (33 pages).

In this interview, Reta B. Bixel and Louise M. Bailey discuss working in the Kaiser shipyards, including their reasons for seeking employment in the shipyards. Bixel describes her work and training as a welder, and Bailey describes working on the assembly line. They talk about the work environment at the shipyards, about using the shipyard child care centers, and about balancing work and family life. They close the interview by discussing their reasons for leaving the shipyards and their activities since then. Complete transcript available (29 pages).

In this interview, Elizabeth F. Goddard discusses her role in founding the child care centers at the Kaiser shipyards. She talks about the lasting effect the child care centers had on public education in Portland; about the services the shipyards offered their women workers; and about the other people who helped found the child care centers. She speaks about how the children in the centers benefited. She closes the interview by reflecting on the reasons some women workers chose not to use the centers. Incomplete transcript available (20 pages).

In this interview, Isabella C. Sanders discusses her experiences as a Black woman working as a scaler for the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation. She talks about her commute, about balancing work and family life, and about her experience living in Vanport during the 1948 Vanport flood. She closes the interview by talking about other jobs she held. Complete transcript available (13 pages).

In this interview, Vivian G. Humphrey and John Humphrey discuss Vivian's work as a welder for the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation. They talk about the training women welders received, about crime in the shipyards, and about the dangers of welding. They discuss the reasons Vivian Humphrey quit in 1943. John Humphrey talks about their commute, about shutting down the shipyards after the war ended, and about his work as a burner and chipper. They discuss how male shipyard employees treated the women workers. They talk about living in war housing in St. Johns and about their daily lives. They discuss their careers and raising a family after leaving the shipyards. Incomplete transcript available (31 pages).

In this interview, Cornella H. Novak discusses her work as coordinator for the Portland Public Schools nurseries during World War II. She describes receiving funds from the Lanham Act of 1940 and setting up the day care program; talks about the development of the 12 centers she oversaw; and speaks about the 24-hour center at the University Homes war housing project. She discusses the options available for infant care in Portland during and after World War II; speaks about the influence the Kaiser child care centers had on other day care facilities in Portland; and discusses the state of day care after the Lanham Act funding ceased in 1946. She talks about her life after the war and her later involvement with day care programs in Portland. She also speaks about Jim Hymes and his philosophy about early childhood development. She compares the Portland Public Schools nurseries to the Kaiser Child Service Centers, the Lanham-funded public nurseries in Vanport and Vancouver, and day care facilities available at the time of the interview in 1976. Incomplete transcript available(41 pages).

In this interview, Ione L. Williams discusses working as a welder for the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation. She talks about the dangers of the job and discusses the kind of work she and other women did. She speaks about using the shipyard day care centers and describes the care her children received. She discusses life in the St. Johns Woods war housing project, talks about grocery shopping, and discusses her career after the war ended. She also talks about being required to buy war bonds. Incomplete transcript available (25 pages).

In this interview, Eva M. Lund discusses working as a welder for Commercial Iron Works. She speaks about her experience with the boilermaker's union; talks about her experience as the first woman to join the bartender's union; and her child care arrangement while working in the shipyards. She discusses the trucking business she ran with her husband after the war; talks about how work as a welder affected her health; and describes the dangers of the job. She also talks about quality control in the shipyards, about grocery shopping and rationing, and about the mass layoffs of women after the war ended in 1945. She closes the interview by sharing anecdotes about people and events at the shipyards. Incomplete transcript available (29 pages).

In this interview, Ruth Cave discusses her work as head teacher at day care centers funded by the Lanham Act of 1940 in Portland, Oregon, during World War II. She talks about some of the children she worked with in Portland; speaks about her teaching methods; and discusses the training available for early childhood educators during the 1940s. She describes some of the children's crafts and activities in the day care centers. She talks about the staff at and the services offered by the day care centers. She compares the Lanham-funded nurseries with the Kaiser day care centers. She speaks about the sanitation protocols at the Lanham-funded day cares. Incomplete transcript available (27 pages). The end of the recording is on Side 1 of a shared cassette. The next interview, with Frances M. Brandon, also begins on Side 1 of the cassette.

In this interview, Mildred O. Kane discusses working as a teacher at the Kaiser Child Service Center on Swan Island during World War II. She describes a typical day at the center; discusses the program for children 18 to 24 months old; and talks about the center's early childhood education philosophy. She talks about the influence the Kaiser Child Service Centers had on other day care facilities in Portland; discusses the low wages child care workers are paid; and shares ideas for expanding and improving the child care options available at the time of the interview in 1976. Incomplete transcript available (27 pages).

Skold did not assign a number to this interview. The sound quality is very poor. In this interview, Anita Warner discusses her background as a teacher and describes working in the offices of the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation.

This oral history interview with Clyde Rice was conducted by Rick Harmon at Rice's home in Clackamas, Oregon, from January 22 to March 13, 1985. The interview was conducted in seven sessions. The audio on tapes 3, 4, 6, and 13 is affected by speed issues.

In the first interview session, conducted on January 22, 1985, Rice discusses his family background, particularly his father's flavor extract business. He talks about his early life in Portland and Salem, including his family's Christian Science faith, his social life, and his relationship with his family.

In the second interview session, conducted on January 29, 1985, Rice continues discussing his early life in Portland and Salem, including his family's Christian Science faith. He tells several anecdotes about his early school life; describes racism he observed; and shares his memories of World War I.

In the third interview session, conducted on February 7, 1985, Rice discusses his involvement with the Portland Art Museum School (now known as the Pacific Northwest College of Art), including the professors and curators. He talks about the artistic community in Portland and discusses his own art. He revisits the topic of racism that he observed and Portland politics in the early 20th century.

In the fourth interview session, conducted on February 14, 1985, Rice continues discussing Portland politics in the early 20th century. He then talks about homesteading in Clackamas County during the 1930s and describes clearing the land, hunting, and farming. He discusses returning to Portland a few years later and working for his father's flavor extract business. He talks about his marriage to Marguerite Evelyn "Nordi" Nordstrom, and about meeting his second wife, Virginia Lee Broms.

In the fifth interview session, conducted on February 21, 1985, Rice describes building a rammed earth house in the Mt. Scott neighborhood of Portland during the late 1930s. He speaks at length about his affair with Virginia Lee Broms. He also revisits the topic of working for his father's flavor extract business. He talks about spending time in Alaska before his divorce from Nordi Rice, his marriage to Virginia Lee Broms, and how both events affected his son.

In the seventh and final interview session, conducted on March 13, 1985, Rice continues discussing his development as an author. He describes the years-long process of writing and publishing his first novel, "A Heaven in the Eye." He also talks about plans to publish his other writings.

This oral history interview with Allan Hart was conducted by Allan F. Schulte, Hart's grandson, in 1992. The interview was recorded on the audiocassettes out of order.

In this interview, Hart discusses his family background and early life in Portland, Oregon, as well as his education at Moran School and Stanford University. He talks about investigating the Red Squad in Portland while he was an assistant U.S. attorney; about his time in the Department of Justice; and about his work prosecuting a case against the American Medical Association. He discusses getting drafted into the Army and his experiences in the Pacific theater during World War II. He speaks about being chairman of Maurine Neuberger's election campaign in 1960. He discusses his law career, including cases he worked on; working with Lindsay, Hart, Neil & Weigler in Portland; and nearly being appointed to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. He closes the interview by sharing his childhood memories of World War I.

This oral history interview with Vince Whiting was conducted by Kim L. Andrews from July 1 to December 2, 2019, at the Brookwood branch of the Washington County Public Library in Hillsboro, Oregon. The interview was conducted in two sessions.

In the first interview session, conducted on July 1, 2019, Whiting discusses the life and career of his first wife, Pat Whiting. He talks about her education at San Jose State University and their early marriage. He discusses his own education at San Jose State University, Chico State University, and Oregon State University and his plan to become a veterinarian. He also briefly talks about his wife at the time of the interview, Amira Whiting. He discusses Pat Whiting's service in the Oregon State Legislature, including her work on legislation regarding the ban of chlorofluorocarbons, and describes her personality. Whiting briefly discusses his family background and early life in Chicago, Illinois. He then talks about moving to Oregon with Pat Whiting around 1968, and his career with GlaxoSmithKline. He discusses Pat Whiting's political philosophy and speaks at length about her 1972 campaign for the Oregon House of Representatives and how she interacted with her constituents. He speaks about the reasons Pat Whiting entered politics, her interest in environmentalism, and the environmental legislation she worked on.

In the second interview session, conducted on December 2, 2019, Whiting discusses the reasons Pat Whiting entered politics, the barriers she faced as a Filipina, and her 1972 campaign for the Oregon House of Representatives. He describes how she communicated with her constituents and her priorities as a legislator, particularly regarding the environment. He discusses Pat Whiting's views on and experience with abortion, as well as her views on birth control. He talks about internships that Pat Whiting started and her legislative and community work regarding education, as well as her work on an Oregon smoking ban. He discusses Pat Whiting's work after leaving the Legislature in 1979, including her involvement with various organizations and charities, particularly Loaves and Fishes, Dress for Success, and Project Independence. He talks about her work towards community policing and her advocacy of helmet laws. He closes the interview by talking about the reasons why Pat Whiting left the Oregon Legislature and reflects on her accomplishments.

This oral history interview with Amo R. DeBernardis was conducted by Corbett S. Gottfried from April 9 to November 5, 1993. The interview was conducted in six sessions.

In the first interview session, conducted on April 9, 1993, DeBernardis discusses his family background and early life in the Portland, Oregon, area, including jobs he did during his childhood. He speaks at length about his early education and his teachers. He talks about his experience studying engineering at Oregon State University, including his classes, teachers, and how he decided to become a teacher. He also discusses his involvement in designing the Bonneville Dam while in college. He then talks about working as a shop teacher at Ockley Green Elementary School in Portland and working with students. He speaks briefly about his master's thesis, then talks about switching to becoming an education administrator and shares his philosophy on what makes a good administrator. He talks about his wife, Jessie Genevieve Hulery, and their children. He describes his service training officers in the U.S. Navy during World War II.

In the second interview session, conducted on April 16, 1993, DeBernardis continues discussing his service in the U.S. Navy during World War II and talks about the changes in education after the war. He describes working with Portland Public Schools in the late 1940s and 1950s; talks about his main accomplishments; and describes his educational philosophy. He then speaks about the beginnings of adult education in Oregon and about serving as Portland Community College's first president from 1961 to 1979. He describes the various programs PCC offered, the development of its campuses, and the opposition the fledgling college faced. He talks about the relationship between PCC and Portland Public Schools, other community colleges in the Portland Metro area, and about the Oregon State Department of Education. He discusses tuition rates and the value of the classes that PCC offers.

In the third interview session, conducted on April 23, 1993, DeBernardis continues discussing his service as Portland Community College's first president. He continues talking about the development of PCC's campuses and the value of the classes that PCC offers. He speaks about the business model of higher education, the formation of the community college district, and the teachers union. He talks about members of the PCC board during his presidency, teachers they hired, and his management style. He discusses PCC's curriculum and how it compared to a traditional four-year college and talks about the accreditation process.

In the fourth interview session, conducted on May 24, 1993, DeBernardis continues discussing his service as Portland Community College's first president. He talks about meeting the academic and personal needs of the students during the 1960s and 1970s. He describes the student services that PCC provided; talks about the value of vocational education programs; and shares his opinion on college athletic programs. He discusses the job placement programs at PCC, the role of the Oregon and federal departments of education, and the Oregon Community College Association. He also talks about the role of the Oregon Legislature in the development of PCC. He describes the mission of Portland Community College.

In the fifth interview session, conducted on June 10, 1993, DeBernardis continues discussing his service as Portland Community College's first president. He continues describing the mission of Portland Community College and revisits the topics of PCC's hiring practices and his major accomplishments during his presidency. He also discusses his failures and conflicts. He talks about his relationships with presidents at other community colleges in Oregon, budgeting concerns for a college, and PCC's relationship with Oregon 4-year colleges. He then speaks about his retirement activities and reflects on the challenges of leading a college. He also shares his philosophy on life.

In the sixth and final interview session, conducted on November 5, 1993, DeBernardis continues discussing his service as Portland Community College's first president. He speaks at length about the early development of PCC. He discusses how PCC differs from a traditional junior college, talks about the growth of the college, and describes the development of the student transfer program. He talks about hiring and firing teachers, his role as president of the college, and the decision-making process. He reflects on some of the decisions he was responsible for as president. He revisits the topic of his leadership philosophy and discusses the organizational structure of PCC.

This oral history interview with Norm Costa was conducted by Stephanie Munly and Ruben Reynaga from November 13-20, 2000. Munly and Reynaga conducted the interview for the Gay and Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest as part of Professor Ann Mussey's senior capstone class on LGBTQ history at Portland State University. The interview was conducted in two sessions.

In the first interview session, conducted on November 13, 2000, Costa discusses coming to Portland, Oregon, from California in 1958. He talks about his experiences as an out gay man during that time, about his relationships, and about his career as a hairdresser. He discusses raising his niece, and his relationship with his mother. He talks about gay bars and clubs in Portland; discusses his work for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases; and talks about his work advocating for gay rights. He also briefly talks about racism within the gay community. He speaks at length about his work with AIDS/HIV patients, and talks about the history of public policy toward the disease. He talks about social conditions for young LGBTQ people from when he first came out as gay in 1947 to the time of the interview in 2000; describes the history of policing in the gay community; and talks about serving on the board of the Sexual Minorities Roundtable.

In the second interview session, conducted on November 20, 2000, Costa continues discussing his service on the board of the Sexual Minorities Roundtable. He talks about Portland Police Chief Mark Kroeker, the No on Measure 9 campaign, and his other political and advocacy work. He shares a story about being arrested in California in the late 1940s and serving time in San Quentin State Prison. He closes the interview by discussing issues facing the LGBTQ community in the 21st century.

This oral history interview with Charles L. Sauvie was conducted by Jim Strassmaier in Portland, Oregon, on May 3, 1988. In this interview, Sauvie briefly discusses his family background, early life, and early career as an economist. He then speaks at length about his career as an economist for the Oregon State Department of Planning and Development. He speaks about the report of the state's tax structure prepared by Professor Nicholas Sly; talks about his involvement on the Oregon Economic Advisory Committee; and describes some of the projects he worked on while in the planning department. He also talks about working with Governor Mark Hatfield and his staff, particularly Sam Mallicoat. He speaks at length about his efforts to attract business to Oregon. He closes the interview by talking about the role of Glenn Jackson in Oregon's economic development.

This oral history interview with Marty B. Gold was conducted by Clark Hansen at Gold's office in Washington, D.C., from June 13-16, 1988. The interview was conducted in two sessions; collection includes a transcript.

In the first interview session, conducted on June 13, 1988, Gold discusses his family background and early life in New York City and Miami Beach, Florida, including his early political beliefs. He discusses attending American University in Washington, D.C., including his involvement in Republican politics. He talks about how he came to be aware of Mark Hatfield; about Republican party politics in the 1950s and 1960s, particularly the 1968 presidential election; and about Hatfield's stance on controversial issues such as abortion and the Vietnam War. He then briefly describes his service in Vietnam. Gold discusses his work as a legal assistant to Hatfield from 1972 to 1979, while Hatfield was a U.S. senator. He talks about his duties, including applying for grants, sitting in on committee meetings, and legislation he was involved with. He also discusses other members of Hatfield's staff, Hatfield's personality, and Hatfield's re-election campaigns.

In the second interview session, conducted on June 16, 1988, Gold continues to discuss his work as a legal assistant to Hatfield. He talks about being named Outstanding Young Man in America in 1977, about Hatfield's filibuster on legislation about the draft, and about leaving Hatfield's staff to work for U.S. Senator Howard Baker of Tennessee. He closes the interview by discussing the changes in the U.S. Senate during his time there and his political philosophy.