The fourth volume of Warren N. Vaughn's four-volume manuscript, "Early History of Tillamook." In this volume, Vaughn writes about the establishment of the first sawmill in Tillamook County. He recounts two local legends: the story of the "beeswax ship," a ship carrying candle wax that had wrecked on the Tillamook shore, and the story of a buried treasure. He also tells the story of prospectors who discovered gold in the area. Vaughn shares that by 1862, commerce and trade had developed considerably and the community of white settlers in Tillamook County continued to grow and prosper. His narrative ends abruptly with the story of one resident murdering another.

The third volume of Warren N. Vaughn's four-volume manuscript, "Early History of Tillamook." In this volume, Vaughn continues his description from Volume 2 of the community effort to construct a schooner, which was completed and launched on its maiden voyage to Astoria and Portland to purchase supplies. Vaughn also writes of negotiations between the U.S. government and the Tillamook people, with the government intending to execute a treaty with the Tillamook for their land; however, proper negotiations never took place and Vaughn asserts that the Tillamook had their land unlawfully taken away. Vaughn also describes a series of violent conflicts that occurred between the Native people and the white population, which resulted in ongoing tensions. He writes of the growth of the white population in Tillamook through 1860 and increased trade, mainly by sea.

The second volume of Warren N. Vaughn's four-volume manuscript, "Early History of Tillamook." In this volume, Vaughn writes of the hardships he and other early white homesteaders endured, including lack of provisions and supplies and isolation from the outside world, as they established their homes in the Tillamook Bay area. With construction of a new trail between Tillamook and the Willamette Valley, an influx of immigrants relocated to the area and Tillamook County was officially organized in 1853. Vaughn describes early steps taken to establish a community, including the creation of a public school and a blacksmith shop, and efforts to build a schooner to facilitate trade. He describes the first election and the first census taken of Tillamook County, both in 1854, and lists the names of all 80 white residents at that time.

The first volume of Warren N. Vaughn's four-volume manuscript, "Early History of Tillamook." In this volume, Vaughn recounts how he first heard of Tillamook in 1851 while living in Dayton in Yamhill County. After deciding to relocate there, he made multiple journeys between Dayton and the Tillamook Bay area starting in 1852 and ending in 1853 when he took up residence on a claim in Tillamook. Vaughn details his travels during this period and the difficulties faced in attempting to reach Tillamook from Dayton. He writes about his experiences with his travel companions during these trips and describes encounters with the Native peoples of the area, who often acted as guides and provided assistance, food, and supplies for the immigrants during their journeys. While Vaughn's retelling of these interactions is generally positive, he also uses language that was common at the time and includes disparaging or pejorative descriptions of Native peoples.

A typed transcript copy of all four volumes of Warren N. Vaughn's "Early History of Tillamook," copied and edited by Louise W. Goodrich for the Columbia Gorge chapter of the Daughters of the American Colonist. Vaughn was one of the early white settlers of Tillamook County and recorded his detailed recollections of the community and events in the Tillamook Bay area from 1851 to approximately 1863. The narrative recounts the journeys that Vaughn and fellow settlers made between Yamhill County and Tillamook Bay, the establishment and growth of Tillamook County, and interactions with the Native people of the area.

Transcript. This oral history interview with Flora Cushinway Thompson was conducted around 1971. The interviewer is unidentified. The audio recording and transcript are incomplete; the interview was recorded on three cassettes, but the first tape is missing.

In this interview, Thompson discusses the execution of Modoc leader Kintpuash, aka Captain Jack. She then talks about salmon fishing by Native peoples at Celilo Falls, and about the slow encroachment of dams and commercial fishing at the falls. She speaks about her marriage to Wyam Chief Tommy Thompson and talks about their respective marital histories. She discusses the Wyams' resistance to the construction of The Dalles Dam; describes attending the dedication of the Celilo converter station; and talks about Tommy Thompson's funeral. She speaks at length about some of the Wyams' spiritual beliefs, particularly regarding visions and songs, and sings a Christian song in Sahaptin. She closes the interview by talking about her work advocating for the Wyams' fishing rights. The recording ends with piano music identified as "Indian Love Poem" by Nancy Walker.

Tape 3, Side 2. This oral history interview with Flora Cushinway Thompson was conducted around 1971. The interviewer is unidentified. The audio recording and transcript are incomplete; the interview was recorded on three cassettes, but the first tape is missing.

In this interview, Thompson discusses the execution of Modoc leader Kintpuash, aka Captain Jack. She then talks about salmon fishing by Native peoples at Celilo Falls, and about the slow encroachment of dams and commercial fishing at the falls. She speaks about her marriage to Wyam Chief Tommy Thompson and talks about their respective marital histories. She discusses the Wyams' resistance to the construction of The Dalles Dam; describes attending the dedication of the Celilo converter station; and talks about Tommy Thompson's funeral. She speaks at length about some of the Wyams' spiritual beliefs, particularly regarding visions and songs, and sings a Christian song in Sahaptin. She closes the interview by talking about her work advocating for the Wyams' fishing rights. The recording ends with piano music identified as "Indian Love Poem" by Nancy Walker.

Tape 3, Side 1. This oral history interview with Flora Cushinway Thompson was conducted around 1971. The interviewer is unidentified. The audio recording and transcript are incomplete; the interview was recorded on three cassettes, but the first tape is missing.

In this interview, Thompson discusses the execution of Modoc leader Kintpuash, aka Captain Jack. She then talks about salmon fishing by Native peoples at Celilo Falls, and about the slow encroachment of dams and commercial fishing at the falls. She speaks about her marriage to Wyam Chief Tommy Thompson and talks about their respective marital histories. She discusses the Wyams' resistance to the construction of The Dalles Dam; describes attending the dedication of the Celilo converter station; and talks about Tommy Thompson's funeral. She speaks at length about some of the Wyams' spiritual beliefs, particularly regarding visions and songs, and sings a Christian song in Sahaptin. She closes the interview by talking about her work advocating for the Wyams' fishing rights. The recording ends with piano music identified as "Indian Love Poem" by Nancy Walker.

Tape 2, Side 2. This oral history interview with Flora Cushinway Thompson was conducted around 1971. The interviewer is unidentified. The audio recording and transcript are incomplete; the interview was recorded on three cassettes, but the first tape is missing.

In this interview, Thompson discusses the execution of Modoc leader Kintpuash, aka Captain Jack. She then talks about salmon fishing by Native peoples at Celilo Falls, and about the slow encroachment of dams and commercial fishing at the falls. She speaks about her marriage to Wyam Chief Tommy Thompson and talks about their respective marital histories. She discusses the Wyams' resistance to the construction of The Dalles Dam; describes attending the dedication of the Celilo converter station; and talks about Tommy Thompson's funeral. She speaks at length about some of the Wyams' spiritual beliefs, particularly regarding visions and songs, and sings a Christian song in Sahaptin. She closes the interview by talking about her work advocating for the Wyams' fishing rights. The recording ends with piano music identified as "Indian Love Poem" by Nancy Walker.

Tape 2, Side 1. This oral history interview with Flora Cushinway Thompson was conducted around 1971. The interviewer is unidentified. The audio recording and transcript are incomplete; the interview was recorded on three cassettes, but the first tape is missing.

In this interview, Thompson discusses the execution of Modoc leader Kintpuash, aka Captain Jack. She then talks about salmon fishing by Native peoples at Celilo Falls, and about the slow encroachment of dams and commercial fishing at the falls. She speaks about her marriage to Wyam Chief Tommy Thompson and talks about their respective marital histories. She discusses the Wyams' resistance to the construction of The Dalles Dam; describes attending the dedication of the Celilo converter station; and talks about Tommy Thompson's funeral. She speaks at length about some of the Wyams' spiritual beliefs, particularly regarding visions and songs, and sings a Christian song in Sahaptin. She closes the interview by talking about her work advocating for the Wyams' fishing rights. The recording ends with piano music identified as "Indian Love Poem" by Nancy Walker.

Reel Tape 2. This oral history interview with Flora Cushinway Thompson was conducted by Joan Arrivee Wagenblast in April 1966. Several unidentified people were also present. The interview was conducted as research for Wagenblast's biography of Tommy Kuni Thompson, titled "Flora's song: a remembrance of Chief Tommy Kuni Thompson of the WyAms." The audio recording is a digital copy made from Wagenblast's original reel tapes; the digital files were donated to the Oregon Historical Society Research Library by Wagenblast's daughter, Debra Arrivee, who retained the original tapes.

In this interview, Thompson discusses the family background and early life of Wyam Chief Tommy Thompson. She talks about the settlement that was negotiated by the U.S. government and the Warm Springs, Yakama, Umatilla, and Nez Perce tribes as compensation for the flooding of Celilo Falls; about the construction of the Wyams' new village after they were forced to relocate; and about Tommy Thompson's resistance to the relocation. She talks about the wind rock, which was stolen; describes the Wyam salmon feast; and talks about the spiritual beliefs and practices of the Wyam. She describes how Tommy Thompson always kept copies of federal treaties with him; talks about his rules for salmon fishing; and discusses caring for Thompson at the end of his life. She discusses burial sites along the Columbia River that were moved before the flooding, and also names some white people who were buried at Native sites. She also talks about her children and grandchildren. She closes the interview by speaking about gathering berries in the Columbia River Gorge.

Reel Tape 1. This oral history interview with Flora Cushinway Thompson was conducted by Joan Arrivee Wagenblast in April 1966. Several unidentified people were also present. The interview was conducted as research for Wagenblast's biography of Tommy Kuni Thompson, titled "Flora's song: a remembrance of Chief Tommy Kuni Thompson of the WyAms." The audio recording is a digital copy made from Wagenblast's original reel tapes; the digital files were donated to the Oregon Historical Society Research Library by Wagenblast's daughter, Debra Arrivee, who retained the original tapes.

In this interview, Thompson discusses the family background and early life of Wyam Chief Tommy Thompson. She talks about the settlement that was negotiated by the U.S. government and the Warm Springs, Yakama, Umatilla, and Nez Perce tribes as compensation for the flooding of Celilo Falls; about the construction of the Wyams' new village after they were forced to relocate; and about Tommy Thompson's resistance to the relocation. She talks about the wind rock, which was stolen; describes the Wyam salmon feast; and talks about the spiritual beliefs and practices of the Wyam. She describes how Tommy Thompson always kept copies of federal treaties with him; talks about his rules for salmon fishing; and discusses caring for Thompson at the end of his life. She discusses burial sites along the Columbia River that were moved before the flooding, and also names some white people who were buried at Native sites. She also talks about her children and grandchildren. She closes the interview by speaking about gathering berries in the Columbia River Gorge.

Reel 1. This oral history interview with Teunis Wyers, Jr., was conducted by Elizabeth Strain at the Wyers Stage Company Barns in White Salmon, Washington, on August 6, 1964. An unidentified man was also present. In this interview, Wyers discusses the history of White Salmon during the late 19th century, and talks about a murder in The Dalles. He speaks at length about Native people who lived in the area. He talks about his stagecoach company and about caring for horses.

Pasasaun identifies himself as Brule Sioux from South Dakota, giving classroom presentation describing the many facets of Indigenous cultures, beliefs and values systems. Talks about the Medicine Wheel (also called the Sacred Hoop), and the interactions between concepts of science, art, religion, and government.

Letter from Narcissa Whitman to parents about missionary work supply needs, books and magazines the family had sent her, alleging that Cayuse chief Umtippe has converted to Christianity, and noting Jason Lee visiting the mission (first three pages reproductions from scan of original, last three pages original)

Letter from Narcissa Whitman to family describing life and travels since reaching Fort Vancouver, including difficulties of upriver journey to Walla Walla, establishing the mission, birth of Narcissa Whitman's daughter, illness among Native people, and practices of the Cayuse people, 1836 December 5-1837 May 3

List of blankets and shirts to be donated to Native people in return for apprehending Telokite (written as Teloukaikt) and Tamsucky (written as Tom Suckie) and bringing them to Oregon City for trial (original)

Lists of "Friendly Indians" and "Guilty Indians" with notes about each (original)

Letter from Narcissa Whitman to family about Whitmans' efforts to have Native people cultivate mission land, damage to mission house from flooding, the Whitmans' daughter, Alice Clarissa Whitman, and mentioning visit of Jason Lee and Lee's plans to travel to the eastern U.S. (partial letter, four-page section)

A group photograph of unidentified members of the Klamath and Modoc tribes taken at Camp Day in 1860. A handwritten caption on the back of the photograph reads, "Indians near Ft. Umpqua? Not so - Klamath and Modoc Indians near Ft. Day - Note Ponderosa pines in background. Photograph by Lt. Lorenzo Lorain."
Camp Day was a temporary military encampment established in the Klamath Basin in Southern Oregon during the summer and fall of 1860. The military expedition was a response to reports of potential conflicts between members of the Klamath and Modoc people and Euro-American settlers concerning land use and territorial rights.

Cased photograph featuring a full-length portrait of a young Native American woman. She wears a dress with a white collar and stands next to a table. She rests her left arm on the table and looks at the camera. Three books sit on the table. Legacy collection records indicate that a person named G. L. Harding identified this woman as Nancy, or Nancey, and that she lived in Oregon City. Harding stated that Nancy and her sister Ella worked for their mother, Mrs. Harding, until they were sent to the reservation at Simcoe, Washington in 1885 or 1886. Case is made of leather and wood. Case cover is missing and has been replaced with archival board.